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What should pig farms pay attention to when vaccinating during the autumn and winter seasons?
Release Date:
2020-11-30
author：
The autumn and winter seasons are peak periods for intestinal and respiratory diseases in pig farms. The effectiveness of disease prevention and control directly impacts the incidence rate and clinical morbidity and mortality of the herd; therefore, proper vaccination is of paramount importance. Only by establishing proactive defenses can therapeutic interventions achieve optimal results. Vaccines must be allowed to fully equilibrate with ambient temperature to prevent cold stress. During technical guidance, we frequently encounter farmers who fail to warm vaccines before administration during the fall and winter, significantly increasing the risk of cold stress. Symptoms include accelerated respiration, skin discoloration, and even collapse or vomiting. The temperature difference between refrigerated vaccines and the pigs’ body temperature is relatively small—around 3–4°C—and some pigs, due to breed characteristics or unique physiological conditions…
The autumn and winter seasons are peak periods for intestinal and respiratory diseases in pig farms. The effectiveness of disease prevention and control directly impacts the incidence rate and clinical morbidity and mortality of the herd; therefore, proper vaccination is of paramount importance. Only by establishing proactive defenses can therapeutic interventions achieve optimal results.
Vaccines must be allowed to fully warm up to prevent cold stress: During technical guidance, we often encounter farmers who administer vaccines in autumn and winter without first warming them. This significantly increases the risk of cold stress, which can manifest as rapid breathing, skin discoloration, and even collapse and vomiting. The temperature difference between refrigerated vaccines and the pig’s body temperature should ideally be no more than 3–4°C. Some pigs, due to breed characteristics or underlying health conditions, are particularly susceptible to cold stress. Therefore, inactivated vaccines should be warmed for at least two hours before injection; the vaccine vial should feel only lukewarm against the forehead before use.
Choose a time when the temperature is moderate for vaccination: Pig farms typically vaccinate in one of two ways—either during feeding or after completing manure removal and other tasks. In fact, neither of these approaches is ideal; vaccination should be scheduled when ambient temperatures are favorable, such as between 2 and 3 p.m. After administering the vaccine, clean out the manure first, then resume feeding.
Add anti‑stress additives to feed or drinking water: During the autumn and winter, low temperatures and large diurnal temperature fluctuations increase energy expenditure in pigs. Take care to minimize stress at every stage of production. Assign vaccination tasks to personnel who are experienced in administering vaccines, as this will help reduce stress responses in the herd.
Choosing combination vaccination: Even with measures such as optimized feeding, vaccine warming, and immunization during warmer periods, it remains difficult to significantly reduce the stress that vaccination imposes on pig herds. The ideal approach would be to avoid injections altogether; however, to control disease, certain vaccines are indispensable. Therefore, we recommend minimizing the number of injections by opting for combination or joint immunization, which effectively addresses this challenge. For example, vaccines against porcine circovirus and mycoplasma can help mitigate immune suppression and enhance weight gain. We suggest using Huizhong Bio’s Porcine Circovirus–Mycoplasma Bivalent Vaccine, which can also be used to dilute Huizhong Bio’s classical swine fever vaccine (Huizenning), enabling triple protection in a single injection. This reduces stress, limits needle‑borne transmission of hemoparasitic diseases, and substantially improves the efficacy of primary immunization.
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Luoyang Huizhong Biotech Co., Ltd. is a private high-tech enterprise located in Luoyang City Luolong High-tech Industrial Development Zone. Based on the successful operation of Huizhong Veterinary Medicine for 20 years, the company adhere to high starting point and high standard new veterinary vaccines research and development, production, and promotion
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